CTICasesPeritoneal Splenosis
Imaging findings
Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis shows the absence of the native spleen in a patient with a history of prior abdominal trauma. Multiple hyper-enhancing, well-circumscribed, soft-tissue nodules of varying sizes are scattered throughout the peritoneal cavity and pelvis, consistent with autotransplanted splenic tissue.
Key takeaways
Peritoneal splenosis is a benign condition resulting from the traumatic rupture of the spleen, leading to the seeding and subsequent autotransplantation of splenic tissue throughout the peritoneal cavity. While thoracic or pleural splenosis is more commonly discussed in cardiothoracic imaging, peritoneal splenosis is also a critical mimic of peritoneal carcinomatosis or lymphoma that should be recognized in patients with an absent spleen and a history of trauma.
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