CTICasesMediastinitis and Pericarditis Complicating Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)
Imaging findings
Contrast-enhanced CT scan obtained several weeks after an EBUS-TBNA of subaortic mediastinal lymph nodes demonstrates a new, poorly defined inflammatory soft tissue process in the left subaortic space effacing the biopsied lymph node. There is also new development of moderate pericardial fluid and bilateral pleural effusions.
Key takeaways
EBUS-TBNA is generally considered a highly safe, minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. However, infectious complications such as mediastinitis, pericarditis, or mediastinal abscess formation can occur in rare cases due to the translocation of oropharyngeal flora into the mediastinal space. These complications can present as a smoldering, delayed process weeks after the procedure and require prompt recognition and antibiotic therapy.
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