CTICasesPulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Chemoradiation for Lung Cancer
Imaging findings
A patient with a right middle lobe non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiation presented later with hemoptysis. CT at the time of hemoptysis showed a focal contrast-filled outpouching adjacent to a pulmonary vessel within the region of the previously treated and irradiated tumor, consistent with a pseudoaneurysm; angiography confirmed and opacified the pseudoaneurysm arising from the right pulmonary artery, which was subsequently embolized.
Key takeaways
A pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm can develop at the site of a treated, irradiated lung cancer and present with hemoptysis, likely related to radiation-induced vessel injury even though infection could not be entirely excluded; recognizing this complication on CT allows prompt angiographic localization and embolization to control bleeding.
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