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Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Thyroiditis

Imaging findings

Comparison between pre- and post-treatment scans shows a transition from a healthy, iodine-avid thyroid gland to an atrophied, poorly visible gland. PET/CT imaging revealed hypermetabolic uptake in the thyroid consistent with active thyroiditis during the inflammatory phase.

Key takeaways

Checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab can cause diffuse gland inflammation that leads to permanent damage and atrophy, often resulting in the patient requiring lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

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