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Miliary metastases from bladder cancer

Imaging findings

The CT scan demonstrates a pleural effusion and a diffuse miliary pattern of tiny, uniform nodules throughout both lungs, including along the fissures. Although the distribution simulates miliary tuberculosis or fungal infection, the biopsy confirmed miliary metastases from bladder cancer in this patient, which developed rapidly within a two-month interval.

Key takeaways

True miliary pulmonary metastases are rare and can closely mimic miliary granulomatous infections such as tuberculosis or histoplasmosis. A rapid progression in the setting of known malignancy should raise suspicion for metastatic disease even when the presentation is atypical.

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