CTICasesCatamenial Pneumothorax due to Pleural Endometriosis
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Imaging findings
CT demonstrates pleural thickening and scarring, with some areas of subtle nodularity. Despite surgical visualization of studded nodules along the pleural surface, these were not definitively seen on CT.
Key takeaways
Catamenial pneumothorax, characterized by recurrent pneumothoraces occurring with menstruation, is caused by pleural endometriosis. Endometrial implants on the pleura can erode through the diaphragm and cause air leaks. Pathological confirmation of endometrial glands on the pleural surface is diagnostic.
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