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Pulmonary Lymphedema secondary to Sarcoid-like Lymphadenopathy (Humira-Induced)

Imaging findings

CT in a 38-year-old man shows extensive, crisply margined sarcoid-like hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy associated with diffuse ground-glass opacity, prominent septal lines, and a subpleural fluid-like margin (lymphedema). The lymphadenopathy and lung disease significantly regressed after taking the patient off adalimumab (Humira) and starting corticosteroids.

Key takeaways

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors like adalimumab (Humira) can paradoxically induce sarcoid-like granulomatous reactions. Large, well-defined lymph nodes can obstruct lymphatic drainage, presenting as pulmonary lymphedema with prominent septal lines and ground-glass opacities, which is reversible with steroids and drug discontinuation.

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