CTICasesMycobacterium xenopi Cavitary Lung Disease
Imaging findings
A patient with HIV has an irregular right upper lobe cavity with surrounding parenchymal opacity and volume loss, an appearance that closely resembles tuberculosis. Cultures grew Mycobacterium xenopi.
Key takeaways
Mycobacterium xenopi is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that typically images like tuberculosis, presenting as cavitary upper lobe disease. In HIV, the manifestation depends on the degree of immunosuppression and can range from lymphadenitis to cavitary lung disease, so a TB-like cavity should prompt consideration of its mycobacterial cousins on culture.
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