CTICasesPoland Syndrome
Imaging findings
Chest radiograph shows a hyperlucent right hemithorax with a lack of a normal pectoralis muscle shadow. Chest CT confirms complete congenital absence of the right pectoralis major muscle, accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy of the right pectoralis minor muscle, which is twice the size of its left-sided companion.
Key takeaways
Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral underdevelopment or absence of the chest wall muscles (most commonly the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major) and ipsilateral hand anomalies (syndactyly/brachydactyly). On chest radiographs, the absence of the pectoralis muscle causes unilateral hyperlucency. Compensatory hypertrophy of the pectoralis minor can develop to stabilize shoulder function.
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