CTICasesPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Imaging findings
Chest radiograph appears unremarkable, but CT chest shows diffuse, homogeneous ground-glass opacities with prominent airways extending to the periphery (black bronchus sign) in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on chemotherapy. Sputum staining confirmed Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Key takeaways
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a major opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. On CT, it classically presents as diffuse ground-glass opacities, which can be so homogeneous and subtle on radiographs that they are easily missed, with the 'black bronchus sign' being a helpful diagnostic clue.
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