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Recurrent Testicular Cancer with Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Imaging findings

Frontal chest radiograph demonstrates a new lobulated extra contour projecting along the right tracheobronchial angle/azygos esophageal recess and overlaying the left pulmonary artery. Contrast-enhanced chest CT confirms a large, low-attenuation subcarinal and left hilar lymph node that correlates with the radiographic findings, in a patient with a history of testicular cancer.

Key takeaways

Recurrent testicular germ cell tumors can manifest as rapidly growing, low-attenuation or cystic lymphadenopathy in the retroperitoneum and mediastinum. On radiographs, these masses can produce subtle contour abnormalities along the mediastinal interfaces, such as the azygos-esophageal line, and display the hilum overlay sign.

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