CTICasesExtruded Vertebroplasty Cement in the Azygos Vein
Imaging findings
Thoracic spine and chest radiographs show a thread-like, smooth, branching calcified structure in the azygos and hemiazygos veins, representing extruded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement post-vertebroplasty, with some embolic fragments in the lungs.
Key takeaways
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement can leak during vertebroplasty. When it enters the paravertebral venous plexus, it is shaped by the venous lumen before hardening, appearing as a smooth, continuous column of radiopaque material (cement venography) that can embolize to the lungs.
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