CTICasesPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Imaging findings
Chest CT shows extensive, bilateral ground-glass opacities, a thick-walled apical pneumatocele in the right upper lobe, and subsequent development of a large right pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema following rupture of the pneumatocele, in a patient with newly diagnosed HIV.
Key takeaways
Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients is often characterized by an insidious course and can be complicated by the formation of pneumatoceles. Rupture of these cystic spaces can lead to severe barotrauma/air leaks, presenting as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
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