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Adenocarcinoma Developing in Emphysema

Imaging findings

Serial chest radiographs over several years show a subtle abnormality at the left apex that was present but undetected for a long time. By 2019 it was recognized and went to CT, showing a large bubbly adenocarcinoma in a patient with severe underlying emphysema; the soft-tissue component along the superior margin was biopsy-confirmed.

Key takeaways

A bubbly adenocarcinoma can develop slowly against a background of severe emphysema and be very difficult to detect on radiographs over years, making it an instructive eye-test for insidious lung cancer. Careful attention to the apices and comparison across serial studies help catch such slowly evolving cancers.

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