CTICasesBroncholithiasis
Imaging findings
Chest CT shows a small, densely calcified endobronchial nodule (broncholith) within the right lower lobe bronchus, associated with a distal, branching tubular soft-tissue density (bronchocele or mucus plug) in the posterior segment, simulating a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. There is a cluster of calcified granulomatous lymph nodes in the adjacent hilum.
Key takeaways
Broncholithiasis is a condition characterized by calcified material or lymph nodes eroding into and obstructing the bronchial lumen, most commonly as a late complication of histoplasmosis or tuberculosis. Obstruction leads to distal mucus impaction (bronchocele or mucocele). The presence of a central calcification at the apex of a branching tubular density on CT is diagnostic and helps differentiate it from vascular malformations.
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