CTICasesDiffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia
Imaging findings
Chest CT in a woman with a history of breast cancer and a long-standing history of 'asthma' shows stable bilateral, small pulmonary nodules and prominent mosaic perfusion (air trapping) on expiratory CT. Wedge resections confirm multiple carcinoid tumorlets and diffuse neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
Key takeaways
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare, underdiagnosed lung condition characterized by proliferation of neuroendocrine cells in the bronchiolar epithelium. It typically presents in middle-aged women as a mimic of asthma, showing mosaic perfusion and multiple small pulmonary nodules (carcinoid tumorlets) that can be misdiagnosed as stable metastases.
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