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Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma with Bone Invasion

Imaging findings

Chest CT shows a large, aggressive soft tissue mass in the posterior/middle mediastinum invading the anterior aspect of an adjacent thoracic vertebral body, causing a pathologic compression fracture. Biopsy confirmed primary leiomyosarcoma.

Key takeaways

Primary leiomyosarcomas of the mediastinum are rare, highly aggressive tumors. They present as large, invasive masses that can erode into adjacent osseous structures like the spine, mimicking plasmacytoma or bone metastases.

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