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Rapidly Progressive Legionella Pneumonia

Imaging findings

A middle-aged man with cirrhosis and a liver-kidney transplant has low-attenuation hepatic lesions from biopsy-proven diffuse B-cell PTLD. He then developed a well-circumscribed, non-segmental, round-pneumonia-like consolidation initially misread elsewhere as a cavity or abscess, which over a week progressed rapidly to bilateral patchy consolidation. Cultures grew Legionella with a positive urine antigen.

Key takeaways

Legionella pneumonia can begin as a focal, well-circumscribed round-pneumonia-like consolidation in a single lobe and then progress very rapidly over a few days to multifocal bilateral consolidation, a classic described behavior. It can be community-acquired or nosocomial, relevant here in a hospitalized immunosuppressed transplant patient, and the urine antigen aids diagnosis.

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