CTICasesDisseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) Infection
Imaging findings
Chest CT demonstrates dense, localized consolidation with prominent air bronchograms in the right middle lobe, alongside extensive, bulky, and confluent mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy encasing central airways.
Key takeaways
In patients with advanced HIV/AIDS, atypical mycobacterial infections such as Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI/MAC) can present with massive, bulky mediastinal lymphadenopathy and dense lobar consolidations mimicking post-obstructive pneumonia. Even under partial antiviral control, patients with reduced CD4 counts remain highly susceptible to severe opportunistic mycobacterial infections.
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