CTICasesEctopic Mediastinal Thyroid
Imaging findings
Contrast-enhanced CT chest shows a highly vascular, heterogeneous mass in the prevascular (anterior) mediastinum that is completely separate from the cervical thyroid gland. An I-123 SPECT/CT scan demonstrates active tracer uptake within the mass, confirming the presence of functioning thyroid tissue.
Key takeaways
Ectopic mediastinal thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly where thyroid tissue is found entirely within the mediastinum, separate from the cervical gland. Radionuclide imaging with I-123 or I-131 is highly specific for confirming functioning thyroid tissue and can prevent unnecessary invasive biopsy or aggressive surgical resection of a hypervascular mediastinal mass.
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