CTICases*Mycobacterium kansasii* Cavitary Disease
Imaging findings
A chest CT in a young HIV-positive patient reveals multiple, relatively thick-walled cavities, some with small connections to the wall. There is also extensive tree-in-bud opacities from bronchiole inflammation and architectural distortion.
Key takeaways
*Mycobacterium kansasii* infection can present with a classic cavitary appearance, which can be easily mistaken for tuberculosis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While *Mycobacterium avium* complex (MAC) is more commonly known for atypical patterns, *M. kansasii* frequently causes cavitary disease, resembling *M. tuberculosis* on imaging. The classical pattern is more associated with older men with COPD.
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