CTICasesBronchial Anthracofibrosis
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Imaging findings
CT of the chest shows bronchial wall thickening, progressive bronchial luminal stenosis, and lobar collapse (specifically involving the right middle lobe and parts of the right upper lobe) with associated mucus-filled, dilated bronchi (bronchoceles). Bronchoscopy reveals dark black mucosal pigmentation (anthracosis) and associated mucosal narrowing.
Key takeaways
Bronchial anthracofibrosis is characterized by bronchial stenosis associated with black anthracotic pigmentation, typically caused by long-term exposure to domestic biomass fuel smoke (cooking over open, poorly-ventilated fires) or historical coal dust. The chronic inflammation leads to airway fibrosis, progressive narrowing, and post-obstructive atelectasis, which can easily be misdiagnosed as bronchogenic carcinoma.
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