CTICasesConcurrent Active Tuberculosis and Small Cell Lung Cancer
Imaging findings
CT demonstrates centrilobular and tree-in-bud nodules in the left upper lobe characteristic of active tuberculosis, along with a separate soft tissue mass with peribronchovascular nodules, mediastinal lymphadenopathy causing right middle lobe collapse, and airway-centered spread, proven to represent small cell lung cancer.
Key takeaways
Active tuberculosis and primary lung cancer can coexist in the same patient. TB causes a chronic local inflammatory state that may predispose to or mask an underlying malignancy. The dual pathology diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion when the imaging findings do not fully cohere into a single unifying diagnosis.
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