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Acute Post-Operative Pulmonary Re-Thrombosis

Imaging findings

Post-operative chest CT on day five following a pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) reveals multiple new, eccentric central and lobar filling defects within the pulmonary arteries. The patient's right ventricle is dilated and hypertrophied, reflecting elevated pulmonary pressures.

Key takeaways

Acute re-thrombosis is a known, serious post-operative complication of pulmonary endarterectomy. It must be suspected clinically when a patient experiences acute oxygen desaturation or worsening right heart failure shortly after surgery, and it is managed with aggressive anticoagulation (e.g., heparin titration) to prevent graft failure and mortality.

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