CTICasesMycobacterium avium complex Infection in Lung Transplant Recipient
Imaging findings
High-resolution chest CT in a lung transplant recipient shows findings of chronic rejection (constrictive bronchiolitis) presenting as mosaic attenuation, air trapping, and bronchiectasis. In addition, there are new tree-in-bud nodules, focal consolidation, and a small cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe, which grew Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
Key takeaways
Lung transplant recipients are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections due to chronic immunosuppression. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, such as MAC, frequently complicate patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) or constrictive bronchiolitis, presenting as tree-in-bud nodules and cavities. Distinguishing NTM from chronic rejection is critical for appropriate management.
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