CTICasesThyroid Lipomatosis
Imaging findings
Neck and chest CT in a patient post renal transplant demonstrates massive, diffuse, and symmetric enlargement of both thyroid lobes. The thyroid parenchyma shows extensive, uniform replacement by mature fat density (interspersed with normal-attenuation thyroid tissue), causing mild narrowing of the adjacent jugular veins.
Key takeaways
Thyroid lipomatosis (diffuse lipomatous hyperplasia) is an extremely rare benign condition characterized by the proliferation of mature adipose tissue within the thyroid stroma. It is often associated with chronic renal failure or amyloid goiter. It presents as a slow-growing neck mass that can mimic a thyroid malignancy or substernal goiter on radiographs but is easily recognized on CT by its characteristic fat attenuation.
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