CTICasesPulmonary Mucormycosis (Rhizopus sp.) with Empyema in a Lung Transplant Recipient
Imaging findings
CT in a double lung transplant recipient within 30 days of surgery demonstrates new left lower lobe consolidation, a cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level, scattered bilateral pulmonary nodules, and a loculated complex pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture confirmed Rhizopus species.
Key takeaways
Mucormycosis (including Rhizopus species) is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that most commonly causes angioinvasive pulmonary disease in severely immunocompromised patients. CT findings include necrotic cavitary nodules, consolidation, and occasionally pleural involvement with empyema. Early post-transplant onset (less than 30 days) is unusual and may reflect donor transmission. Mucormycosis empyema is extremely rare.
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