CTICasesSecondary Hyperparathyroidism with Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Imaging findings
Chest and neck CT in a patient with chronic renal failure shows enlargement and hyperplasia of all four parathyroid glands. They present as prominent, well-defined nodular soft-tissue structures, measuring approximately 5 to 6 millimeters, situated inferiorly and posteriorly to the thyroid gland lobes.
Key takeaways
Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs in chronic renal failure due to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, stimulating parathyroid hormone production. This leads to hyperplasia and enlargement of all four parathyroid glands. While parathyroid glands are typically too small to visualize on routine CT, hyperplastic glands can become prominent and visible in their characteristic paratracheal or ectopic locations.
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