CTICasesPneumococcal Lobar Pneumonia in HIV/AIDS
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Imaging findings
Chest CT demonstrates complete lobar consolidation of the right lower lobe containing prominent air bronchograms, contrasting with passive atelectasis and enhancement in the adjacent right middle lobe, associated with a large right-sided pleural effusion.
Key takeaways
Despite the high risk for atypical pathogens like *Pneumocystis jirovecii* (PJP) or fungal infections, community-acquired bacterial pathogens, particularly *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, remain the most common cause of pneumonia in patients with HIV/AIDS. Classical lobar consolidation with air bronchograms and rapidly developing parapneumonic effusions or empyemas are hallmark features of pneumococcal infection.
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