CTICasesPlexiform Neurofibroma of the Mediastinum
Imaging findings
Chest CT demonstrates a non-enhancing, low-attenuation tubular structure coursing through the left superior mediastinum adjacent to the aorta. The structure tapers and ends blindly, following the path of the vagus or phrenic nerve. Multiple cutaneous neurofibromas are visible on the chest wall.
Key takeaways
Plexiform neurofibromas of the mediastinum are highly characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 1. They often present as non-enhancing, tubular low-attenuation masses tracking along the major thoracic nerves, which can mimic vascular structures like a left superior intercostal vein or duplicated superior vena cava.
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