CTICasesEndobronchial Tuberculosis with Main Bronchus Stenosis
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Imaging findings
CT chest in a patient with multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis reveals persistent, mass-like right upper lobe consolidation, severe concentric wall thickening and stenosis of the right main bronchus, and occlusion of the right upper lobe bronchus, accompanied by markedly hypertrophied bronchial arteries.
Key takeaways
Endobronchial tuberculosis is a specific manifestation of TB involving the tracheobronchial tree, which can lead to severe bronchial stenosis, atelectasis, and bronchiectasis due to chronic granulomatous inflammation and subsequent cicatricial healing. In patients with MDR-TB, active endobronchial disease is highly friable and increases the risk of airway compromise during bronchoscopic procedures.
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