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Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging findings

In a 78-year-old referred for suspected interstitial lung disease, the only available CT shows mild emphysema and debatable honeycombing, together with asymmetric consolidation and ground-glass opacity in the left lower lobe. An outside transbronchial biopsy was initially negative; multidisciplinary review prompted a repeat transbronchial biopsy given the asymmetry, which identified a cluster of atypical cells.

Key takeaways

Asymmetric consolidation and ground-glass opacity in a patient referred for suspected interstitial lung disease should raise concern for an underlying mucinous adenocarcinoma masquerading as fibrosis, particularly when the abnormality is asymmetric rather than the typically symmetric, basal-predominant pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia -- a repeat, more targeted biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma after an initial negative sampling.

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