CTICasesGiant Plexiform Neurofibroma of the Vagus Nerve
Imaging findings
CT chest shows a large, lobulated, infiltrative mediastinal mass tracking along the bronchovascular bundles and encasing the left main bronchus, causing severe airway compression and left lung collapse, in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
Key takeaways
Plexiform neurofibromas in NF1 can grow along the mediastinal nerves (such as the vagus nerve) and directly infiltrate the bronchovascular bundles. This infiltrative growth can mimic bronchogenic carcinoma or sarcoma, causing severe extrinsic compression and airway obstruction.
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