CTICasesThoracic Endometriosis (Pulmonary Endometrioma)
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Imaging findings
High-resolution chest CT demonstrates an area of ground glass opacity and septal thickening with dense consolidation, along with an irregular cavitary nodule containing multiple small internal cavities at the left lung base. Biopsy confirmed an endometrial implant (endometrioma) associated with surrounding alveolar hemorrhage.
Key takeaways
Thoracic endometriosis (pulmonary endometrioma) is a rare cause of localized alveolar hemorrhage and should be suspected in reproductive-aged females presenting with recurrent, catamenial hemoptysis. Cavitary pulmonary endometriomas can also potentially erode into the pleural space and result in catamenial pneumothorax.
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