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Metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Imaging findings

Chest CT in a 45-year-old man with a history of low-grade bladder cancer shows a large, solitary anterior mediastinal mass invading the chest wall, associated with multiple regional mediastinal lymph nodes, without any other systemic disease. Biopsy confirmed metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Key takeaways

Solitary anterior mediastinal metastases from urothelial carcinoma are extremely rare, particularly in the setting of low-grade primary bladder cancer. They can mimic primary mediastinal tumors such as thymoma, lymphoma, or germ cell tumors, emphasizing the pitfall of assuming a new mediastinal mass represents a secondary primary neoplasm.

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