CTICasesMediastinal Ewing Sarcoma
Imaging findings
Serial chest radiography and CT demonstrate a rapidly growing, large, well-defined anterior mediastinal mass that doubled in volume over a one-month interval. Contrast-enhanced CT shows the mass to be fairly homogeneous with subtle internal density variations, causing severe mass effect and compression on the main pulmonary artery. New pleural and pericardial effusions have developed, suggesting local invasion into the pericardium.
Key takeaways
Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the mediastinum are rare, highly aggressive malignant neoplasms that typically affect children and young adults in their teens or twenties. Although less common than thymomas, teratomas, or lymphomas in the anterior mediastinum, Ewing sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of any rapidly expanding, large thoracic mass. Given the highly vascular and invasive nature of these sarcomas, rapid tissue diagnosis and initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are critical to managing mass effect on vital cardiopulmonary structures.
AI-assisted summary — may contain errors. Verify against the source video. Learn more
More from this webinar
- Adult-Onset Cystic FibrosisCongenital
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary AspergillosisInfection
- Diffuse Bronchiolitis (Suspected Later-Onset Cystic Fibrosis)Infection
- Skin Fold Artifact Mimicking PneumothoraxArtifact
- Pulmonary NocardiosisInfection
- Granulomatous Fibrosing Mediastinitis (Presumed Histoplasmosis)Infection
- Pulmonary Venous InfarctionIatrogenic
- Nitrofurantoin-Induced Organizing PneumoniaILD
See all cases from May 22, 2021 →