CTICasesTalaromycosis
Imaging findings
Chest radiograph and CT show a large right infra-hilar mass, tracheal wall thickening/edema, and a conglomerate mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who traveled to Southeast Asia. Bone marrow biopsy and cultures grew Talaromyces marneffei.
Key takeaways
Talaromycosis is a disseminated fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei), endemic to Southeast Asia. It is a major opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts, presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy, and mass-like pulmonary consolidations that mimic lymphoma or bronchogenic carcinoma.
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