CTICasesMyeloid Sarcoma of the Mediastinum and Pleura
Imaging findings
Serial radiographs demonstrate progressive widening of the left paratracheal and aortopulmonary window regions. CT confirms a large, low-attenuation anterior mediastinal mass with associated pericardial effusion, which later progresses to diffuse, nodular pleural thickening and pleural effusion.
Key takeaways
Myeloid sarcoma (formerly chloroma) is an extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytes, most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly monocytic subtypes. It can manifest in the mediastinum or as pleural thickening, mimicking mesothelioma or metastatic disease, and requires tissue biopsy for diagnosis.
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