CTICasesCatamenial Pneumothorax
Imaging findings
CT chest in a young female shows a small right-sided pneumothorax associated with multiple macroscopic pleural-based nodules (endometrial implants). The patient has a history of stage IV endometriosis and infertility.
Key takeaways
Catamenial pneumothorax is a form of spontaneous pneumothorax occurring in women, typically within 72 hours of menses onset, secondary to thoracic endometriosis. While pleural endometrial implants are often microscopic, they can occasionally present as macroscopic nodules visible on CT, classically involving the right pleural space and diaphragm.
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