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Anterior Mediastinal Hemangioma

Imaging findings

Contrast-enhanced CT shows a highly vascular, avidly arterially enhancing anterior mediastinal mass with persistent enhancement on more delayed venous phases, without definite phleboliths.

Key takeaways

Mediastinal hemangioma is a rare benign vascular neoplasm that should be included in the differential diagnosis of highly hypervascular anterior mediastinal masses, alongside parathyroid adenoma, paraganglioma, ectopic thyroid, and Castleman disease. Some mediastinal hemangiomas, particularly those located posteriorly, can present with recurrent hemothorax.

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