CTICasesTuberculous Tracheobronchitis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis
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Imaging findings
A chest radiograph shows subtle opacity in the right lung base and indeterminate tracheal narrowing. CT images reveal near-circumferential thickening of the trachea, including the posterior membrane, extending into the right mainstem and right upper lobe bronchi. Pulmonary findings include centrilobular nodules, some cavitary, a large cavitary lesion with surrounding nodules in the right lung base, and similar clusters in the left lower lobe. A centrally low-attenuation lymph node is present in the right hilum.
Key takeaways
Tuberculosis can manifest as tracheobronchial involvement (tuberculous tracheobronchitis) in addition to pulmonary parenchymal disease. Imaging findings include tracheal and bronchial wall thickening, along with classic pulmonary features such as centrilobular nodules, cavitary lesions, and hilar lymphadenopathy. A positive *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* culture from bronchial lavage can confirm the diagnosis, even if granulomas on biopsy are non-necrotizing.
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