CTICasesBronchial Atresia
Imaging findings
Breast MRI shows an incidental right upper lobe lesion with T2 hyperintensity and internal fluid-fluid levels. Chest CT confirms a focal congenital bronchial atresia in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, presenting as fluid-filled, dilated cystic spaces (mucocele) without significant distal hyperlucency. A small, benign duplication cyst is also present in the adjacent mediastinum.
Key takeaways
Congenital bronchial atresia is a focal developmental anomaly characterized by the stenosis or atresia of a segmental or subsegmental bronchus, with normal distal lung development. Secretions accumulate distal to the atresia, forming a fluid-filled mucocele (bronchocele). While classically surrounded by hyperlucent, air-trapped lung, the hyperlucency can be minimal or absent, and the mucocele can dynamically fill with fluid or empty over time.
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