CTICasesBroncholithiasis
Imaging findings
CT chest shows calcified mediastinal lymph nodes directly eroding into the bronchus intermedius, leading to complete airway obstruction and downstream right upper and middle lobe collapse.
Key takeaways
Broncholithiasis occurs when a calcified peribronchial lymph node (typically from prior histoplasmosis or tuberculosis) erodes through the bronchial wall into the airway lumen. It can cause airway obstruction, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, or hemoptysis, and presents endobronchially as an 'unpopped popcorn kernel'.
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