CTICasesThymoma Associated with Pure Red Cell Aplasia
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Imaging findings
Chest CT demonstrates an anterior mediastinal mass consistent with a thymoma. Complete blood count and bone marrow biopsy confirm a normochromic, normocytic anemia characterized by a selective absence of erythroid precursors, diagnostic of pure red cell aplasia.
Key takeaways
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare autoimmune and paraneoplastic manifestation classically associated with thymoma, occurring in up to 5% of thymoma cases. Diagnosing the underlying anterior mediastinal tumor is critical, as surgical resection of the thymoma can lead to hematologic improvement or complete remission of the anemia in a significant portion of patients.
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