CTICasesKaplan Syndrome
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Imaging findings
The patient presented with a chronic exudative pleural effusion with low glucose and rheumatoid factor. Lung imaging showed numerous slowly growing, predominantly subpleural and peripheral nodules, some of which had coalesced. Biopsy of a resected nodule revealed rheumatoid nodule pathology filled with silica.
Key takeaways
Kaplan syndrome describes the rare association of rheumatoid arthritis with pneumoconiosis, typically silicosis. It manifests with chronic exudative effusions and distinct pulmonary nodules, which are often subpleural and peripheral, slowly growing, and may contain both rheumatoid inflammatory changes and silica particles. The existence of this syndrome is sometimes doubted, but this case provides clear evidence.
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