CTICasesMalignant Histiocytosis Presenting with Pneumothorax
Imaging findings
CT chest and PET-CT show rapidly progressive, lower-lobe-predominant pulmonary nodules and thick-walled cysts, associated with a spontaneous left pneumothorax. The patient had extrathoracic disease in the thyroid, and biopsy confirmed malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic sarcoma).
Key takeaways
Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic sarcoma) is a rare malignant neoplasm of histiocytic origin. When involving the lungs, it can radiographically mimic pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) with nodules and cysts, but it displays a lower-lobe predominance and a highly aggressive clinical course.
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