CTICasesBeta-thalassemia with extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis
Imaging findings
Abdominal CT shows severe anemia (low blood pool attenuation), massive cardiomegaly, dilated pulmonary arteries, ascites, and a dense liver on a non-contrast study. There are also calcified/iron-laden lymph nodes and a paravertebral soft tissue mass hugging the spine representing extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Key takeaways
Beta-thalassemia is associated with chronic high-output anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis (often manifesting as posterior mediastinal or paravertebral masses), and secondary hemochromatosis/hemosiderosis from chronic transfusions, which leads to iron deposition in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
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