CTICasesDisseminated Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)
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Imaging findings
Initial chest radiograph and CT show bulky axillary and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Follow-up imaging reveals new, bilateral, diffuse peribronchovascular nodules with a characteristic flame-shaped appearance radiating from the hila, some showing a surrounding ground-glass halo, alongside bronchial wall thickening and small pleural effusions. Mucosal biopsy confirmed disseminated Kaposi sarcoma.
Key takeaways
Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma is a classic opportunistic manifestation in patients with poorly controlled HIV/AIDS, caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Its hallmark imaging findings include peribronchovascular, flame-shaped nodules radiating from the hila, bronchovascular bundle thickening, and pleural effusions, which often improve rapidly following the initiation of chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy.
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