CTICasesMycobacterium Avium Intracellulare (MAI) Infection with Cavitary Lesion and Congenital Lobar Emphysema
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Imaging findings
A 17-year-old presented with a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe and areas of peripheral consolidation. Bronchoscopy grew Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) strongly, with no other pathogens. Additionally, the lower lungs showed a 'swirling appearance' with hyperlucency, consistent with congenital lobar emphysema involving the medial basal segments of both lower lobes.
Key takeaways
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) can cause cavitary lung lesions and consolidation even in immunocompetent adolescents, challenging the typical understanding of atypical mycobacterial infections. The co-occurrence of MAI infection with findings suggestive of congenital lobar emphysema raises interesting questions about potential predisposing factors or incidental findings.
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