CTICasesMature Cystic Teratoma (Anterior Mediastinum)
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Imaging findings
Chest radiograph shows an anterior mediastinal mass demonstrating the "hilum overlay sign," with a calcified rim. Contrast-enhanced chest CT confirms a well-circumscribed, rim-calcified anterior mediastinal mass containing macroscopic fat, low-attenuation fluid (sebaceous material), and soft-tissue elements.
Key takeaways
Mature cystic teratoma is the most common benign germ cell tumor of the mediastinum, typically occurring in the anterior mediastinum. While most frequently diagnosed in adolescents and young adults, they can be discovered incidentally in older adults and are characterized on CT by a mixture of fat, fluid, soft tissue, and calcification (often in the wall).
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